Which factor contributes to the establishment of invasive aquatic species?

The establishment of invasive aquatic species is strongly influenced by the presence of favorable environmental conditions combined with a lack of natural predators. Invasive species often thrive in new environments where they face minimal threats from predators that would normally keep their populations in check. This lack of predation allows them to grow and reproduce unchecked, which can lead to rapid population increases and significant ecological impacts.

Favorable environmental conditions, such as adequate food resources, suitable habitat, and optimal water quality, further enhance the ability of these invasive species to establish themselves in a new ecosystem. Together, these factors create an environment in which invasive species can outcompete native species for resources, disrupt local ecosystems, and ultimately alter the biodiversity of aquatic habitats.

In contrast, high levels of competition from native species, low rates of human activity, and cold water temperatures do not provide the same conditions conducive to the establishment of invasive species. High competition typically limits the success of invasives, while low human activity zones may not facilitate the introduction of invasive species at all. Cold temperatures are generally less favorable for many invasive species, especially those that are more adapted to warmer waters.