What is eutrophication?

Eutrophication is defined as the enrichment of water bodies, often due to the input of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen, which can lead to excessive algal growth. This process typically occurs as a result of agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and other sources of nutrients entering lakes, rivers, and coastal waters. The excessive growth of algae (algal blooms) can deplete oxygen levels in the water, harming aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems. This phenomenon is a significant environmental concern, as it can lead to dead zones where aquatic life cannot survive due to low oxygen levels. Understanding eutrophication is essential for managing water quality and aquatic ecosystems effectively, making the correct answer relevant to the study of aquatic pest management.