How can recreational boating contribute to the spread of aquatic invasive species?

Recreational boating can significantly contribute to the spread of aquatic invasive species primarily through hull fouling and bilge water discharge. Hull fouling occurs when aquatic organisms attach themselves to the underwater surfaces of boats. When these boats move from one body of water to another, they can inadvertently transport these organisms, leading to the introduction of non-native species into new environments.

Additionally, bilge water, which collects in the lower areas of a boat, can contain seeds, larvae, and other forms of invasive species. If this water is discharged in a new location, it can introduce these invasive organisms to that ecosystem, potentially disrupting the local wildlife and plant communities. This mechanism of transferring species through recreational boating activities is a well-documented pathway for the spread of invasive species and poses a substantial risk to aquatic ecosystems.

The other options do not accurately reflect how recreational boating is linked to the spread of invasive species. Facilitating fish migration does not specifically relate to the introduction of invasives, and introducing native species to non-native habitats is contrary to the definition of invasive species. Efforts in habitat restoration are aimed at improving ecosystems and would not contribute to the spread of invasive organisms.